Endophytic Bacteria and Fungi from Indonesian Medicinal Plants with Antibacterial, Pathogenic Antifungal and Extracellular Enzymes Activities: A Review

The habitat of endophytic bacteria in plant tissues making it automatically used by plants to protect themselves against pathogenic bacteria. Endophytic have been applied various fields, including agriculture, pharmacy, medicine, and biotechnology. This review was carried out summarize recent studies focusing on the diversity derived from traditional medicinal which antibacterial activity extracellular enzymes. article prepared written referring literature collected books online journal publication. focused Vernonia anthelmintic, Saurauia scaberrinae, Ki rinyuh (Chromolaena odorata) plants. results revealed that obtained anthelmintic is Micrococcus, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Pantoea genus possess same biological properties as host plant, producing activity. scaberrinae successfully isolated endophyte fungus Phoma sp. produces phomodione (4) cercosporamide. Phomodione exhibit inhibitory S. aureus, P. ultimum, sclerotiorum R. solani. Cercosporamide exhibits aureus. were also odorata), BECB3, BECB 4, BECA 8, 5, 1, 10 isolates enzyme activities such β-amylase, α-amylase, cellulase, chitinase, protease. Understanding can help researchers apply them effectively.